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Step Attenuators for Receiver Overload Testing
A step attenuator can identify the level at which a receiver…
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Dummy Load Duty Cycle: Average and Peak Limits
Duty cycle links pulse duration and repetition to average power, but…
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Does a DC Block Protect Against Lightning?
A DC block is not a substitute for a specified coaxial…
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Gas Discharge Tube Surge Protectors Explained
A gas discharge tube becomes conductive when the applied transient reaches…
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Does a Surge Protector Need a Separate Earth Rod?
The grounding arrangement must follow the site design and applicable installation…
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RF Power Divider Versus Directional Coupler
A divider distributes substantial signal power among outputs; a directional coupler…
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RF Resistor S-Parameters: Why They Help
S-parameters describe how the mounted resistor or fixture reflects and transmits…
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RF Cable Loss: Frequency and Length Matter
Cable attenuation generally depends on frequency, length and construction. Use the…
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VNA Calibration Versus Instrument Verification
Calibration corrects defined systematic measurement errors; verification checks whether the calibrated…
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Warm-Up and Drift in RF Measurements
Instrument and source stability can change during warm-up or with temperature.…